The student must present an approved list of courses completed with passing grades. This list, referred to as the program, must satisfy the following conditions:
A. (a) The program must contain the equivalent of at least 20 FCE, with at least 12 FCE numbered 300 or above.
(b) The GPA for the program must be at least 2.00 and the GPA for courses in the major field must also be at least 2.00.
(c) The program may not contain more than 3 FCE "D" or "D+" grades, or more than 1 FCE in the field with a "D" or "D+" grade.
B. (a) The program may not contain more than 10 FCE credits transferred from other institutions.
(b) A maximum of 4 FCE transfer credits are allowed in the field.
C. The program must contain:
(a) At least 10 FCE from outside the major field, of which at least 4.0 FCE must be from outside the Faculty of Science. Of these 4.0 FCE, students must take at least 1.0 FCE from the Faculty of Arts. Environmental Science 503 may be counted among the 4.0 FCE from other Faculties. A list of recommended courses is available at .
(b) Environmental Science 401, 501, 502, 503,
(c) Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417, 419,
(d) specific Science and Arts courses, depending on the area of concentration chosen by the student.
The entire 20 FCE, including the courses in Science and Arts specific to each concentration, are as follows:
Concentration in Biological Sciences
3.5 FCE - Biology 241, 243, 311, 313, 315, 331, and 371
0.5 FCE - Biochemistry 393
0.5 FCE - Option from the Field of Biological Sciences2
1.5 FCE - Ecology 417, 419 and 425
1.0 FCE - Chemistry 201 or 211 and 203 or 213
2.5 FCE - Chemistry 311, 315, 351, 353 and one of 321 or 515
1.0 FCE - Mathematics 249 or 265 or 275 and Mathematics 211 or 213 or 2671 or 277
1.0 FCE - Physics 211 or 221 and 223 or Geology 201 and 202 or 203
0.5 FCE - Geography 211 or Geology 201
0.5 FCE - Geology 4011 or Geography 415
2.5 FCE - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503
2.5 FCE - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a)2
1.0 FCE - Options from the Faculty of Arts2
1.5 FCE - Options
1Students wishing to take Geology 401 must take Geology 201, Mathematics 267 or 277 and Physics 223.
2See for a list of recommended courses.
Concentration in Chemistry
2.5 FCE - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419
1.0 FCE - Chemistry 201 or 211 and 203 or 213
5.0 FCE - Chemistry 311, 315, 321, 331, 333 or 373, 351, 353 or 355, 371, 423 or 425, 515 or 521
0.5 FCE - Statistics 327
1.0 FCE - Geology 201 and 401
2.0 FCE - Mathematics 249 or 265 or 275; Mathematics 267 or 277; Mathematics 211 or 213 and Mathematics 331
1.5 FCE - Physics 211 or 221 and 223 and 323
2.5 FCE - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503
2.5 FCE - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a)1
1.0 FCE - Options from the Faculty of Arts1
0.5 FCE - Options
1See for a list of recommended courses.
Concentration in Geography and Arts
0.5 FCE - Archaeology 201 or Anthropology 203
2.5 FCE - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419
1.0 FCE - Chemistry 203 or 209 and 321
5.5 FCE - Geography 211, 231, 251, 305 or 307, 313, 321, 333 or 357, 339, 340, 413 or 417, and 415
0.5 FCE – Geography 341 or 351 or 367 or 405 or 433 or 457
0.5 FCE – Geography 421 or 429 or 529
2.0 FCE - Economics 201, 203, 323 or 325 or 327 or 337 or 367 and 377
1.0 FCE - Mathematics 249 or 265 or 275; Mathematics 211 or 213 or 267 or 277
0.5 FCE - Psychology 200 or 205 or Sociology 201
2.5 FCE - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503
1.0 FCE - Options from the Faculty of Arts1
2.5 FCE - Options
Recommended courses: Physics 211 or 221 and 223
1See for a list of recommended courses.
Concentration in Geology
2.5 FCE - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419
1.5 FCE - Chemistry 201, 203 and 321
6.0 FCE - Geology 201, 202 or 203, 313 or 423, 323, 333 or 311, 341 or 343, 353 or 373, 381, 401, 475, 503 and 505
1.5 FCE - Mathematics 211 or 213, 249 or 265 or 275 and 267 or 277
1.0 FCE - Physics 211 or 221 and 223
0.5 FCE - Statistics 327
2.5 FCE - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503
2.5 FCE - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a)1
1.0 FCE - Options from Faculty of Arts1
1.0 FCE - Options
1See for a list of recommended courses.
Concentration in Physics
2.5 FCE - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419
1.0 FCE - Chemistry 203 or 209 and 321
0.5 FCE - Geology 201
3.0 FCE - Mathematics 211 or 213, Mathematics 275* or 281, Mathematics 277* or 283, Mathematics 375*, Mathematics 377*, Mathematics 311
6.0 FCE - One of four sequences of Physics courses:
Option I: Physics 227, 255, 325, 341, 343, 397, 443, 449, 455, 561, 663 and one of Physics 375, 457, 497, 501**, 507, 509, 543, or 593 or 599
Option II: Physics 223, 227, 323, 325, 341, 343, 397, 443, 449, 455, 561 and one of Physics 375, 457, 497, 501**, 507, 509, 543, 593, 599 or 663
Option III: Physics 211 or 221, 255, 321, 325, 341, 343, 397, 443, 449, 455, 561, and one of 375, 457, 497, 501**, 507, 509, 543, 593, 599 or 663
Option IV: Physics 211 or 221, 223, 321, 323, 325, 341, 343, 443, 449, 455, 561, and one of 375, 457, 497, 501**, 507, 509, 543, 593, 599 or 663
0.5 FCE - Statistics 327
2.5 FCE - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503
2.5 FCE - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a).
1.0 FCE - Options from Faculty of Arts1
0.5 FCE - Options
*The sequence Mathematics 249 or 265, 267, 367 plus Mathematics 311 can be used in place of Mathematics 275, 277, 375, 377 but is not recommended. Mathematics 267 plus 177 can be used in place of Mathematics 277.
**Physics 501 requires Physics 457 as a prerequisite.
1See for a list of recommended courses.
Highly recommended course: Geology 401.
Concentration in Statistics
2.5 FCE - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419
1.0 FCE - Chemistry 203 or 209 and 321
0.5 FCE - Geology 201
1.0 FCE - Physics 211 or 221 and 223
2.5 FCE - Mathematics 211 or 213, 249 or 265 or 275, 267 or 277, 349 and 353
2.5 FCE - Statistics 321, 323, 327, 421 and 429
2.0 FCE - Four of Statistics 423, 425, 505, 407 or 507, 519, 523, 525, 531
0.5 FCE - Statistics 517
2.5 FCE - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503
2.5 FCE - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a).
1.0 FCE - Options from the Faculty of Arts1
1.5 FCE - Options
1See for a list of recommended courses.