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The student must present an approved list of courses completed with passing grades. This list, referred to as the program, must satisfy the following conditions:

A. (a) The program must contain the equivalent of at least 120 units (20 full-course equivalents), with at least 72 units (12 full-course equivalents) numbered 300 or above.

(b) The GPA for the program must be at least 2.00 and the GPA for courses in the major field must also be at least 2.00.

(c) The program may not contain more than 18 units (3.0 full-course equivalent) "D" or "D+" grades, or more than 6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) in the field with a "D" or "D+" grade.

B. (a) The program may not contain more than 60 units (10 full-course equivalent) credits transferred from other institutions.

(b) A maximum of 24 units (4.0 full-course equivalent) transfer credits are allowed in the field.

C. The program must contain:

(a) At least 60 units (10 full-course equivalents) from outside the major field, of which at least 18 units (3.0 full-course equivalents) must be from outside the Faculty of Science. Of these 18 units (3.0 full-course equivalents), students must take at least 6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) from the Faculty of Arts. Environmental Science 503 may be counted among the 18 units (3.0 full-course equivalent) from other Faculties. A list of recommended courses is available at .

(b) Environmental Science 401, 501, 502, 503,

(c) Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417, 419,

(d) specific Science and Arts courses, depending on the area of concentration chosen by the student.

The entire 120 units (20 full-course equivalents), including the courses in Science and Arts specific to each concentration, are as follows:

Concentration in Biological Sciences

21 units (3.5 full-course equivalents) - Biology 241, 243, 311, 313, 315, 331, and 371

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Biochemistry 393

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Option from the Field of Biological Sciences²

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Ecology 417, 419 and 425

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Chemistry 201 or 211 and 203 or 213

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Chemistry 311, 315, 351, 353 and one of 321 or 515

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Mathematics 249 or 265 or 275 and Mathematics 211 or 213 or 267¹ or 277

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Physics 211 or 221 and 223 or Geology 201 and 202 or 203

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Geography 211 or Geology 201

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Geology 401¹ or Geography 415

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a)²

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Options from the Faculty of Arts²

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Options

¹Students wishing to take Geology 401 must take Geology 201, Mathematics 267 or 277 and Physics 223.

²See for a list of recommended courses.

Concentration in Chemistry

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Chemistry 201 or 211 and 203 or 213

33 units (5.5 full-course equivalents) - Chemistry 311, 315, 321, 331, 333 or 373, 351, 353 or 355, 371, 423 or 425, 515, 521Ìý´Ç°ù 541

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Option from the field of Chemistry or Biochemistry

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Statistics 327

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Geology 201 and 401

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Mathematics 249 or 265 or 275; Mathematics 267 or 277

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Physics 211 or 221 and 223 and 323

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a)¹

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Options from the Faculty of Arts¹

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Options¹

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

Concentration in Geography and Arts

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Archaeology 201 or Anthropology 203

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Chemistry 203 and 321

33 units (5.5 full-course equivalents) - Geography 211, 231, 251, 305 or 307, 313, 321, 333 or 357, 339, 340, 413 or 417, and 415

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) – Geography 341 or 351 or 367 or 405 or 433 or 457

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) – Geography 421 or 429 or 529

12 units (2.0 full-course equivalents) - Economics 201, 203, 323 or 325 or 327 or 337 or 367 and 377

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Mathematics 249 or 265 or 275; Mathematics 211 or 213 or 267 or 277

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Psychology 200 or 205 or Sociology 201

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Options from the Faculty of Arts¹

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Options¹

Recommended courses: Physics 211 or 221 and 223

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

Concentration in Geology

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Chemistry 201 or 211, 203 or 213Ìý²¹²Ô»å 321

39 units (6.5 full-course equivalents) - Geology 201, 202 or 203, 313 or 423, 323, 333 or 311, 337, 341 or 343, 353 or 373, 381, 401, 475, 403 or 503,Ìý²¹²Ô»å 505

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Mathematics 211 or 213, 249 or 265 or 275 and 253 or 267 or 277

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Physics 211 or 221, and 223

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Statistics 327

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a)¹

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Options from Faculty of Arts¹

9 units (1.5Ìýfull-course equivalents) - Options

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

Concentration in Physics

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Chemistry 203 and 321

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Geology 201

18 units (3.0 full-course equivalents) - Mathematics 211 or 213, Mathematics 275* or 281, Mathematics 277* or 283, Mathematics 375*, Mathematics 377*, Mathematics 311

36 units (6.0 full-course equivalents) - One of four sequences of Physics courses:

Option I: Physics 227, 255, 325, 341, 343, 397, 443, 449, 455, 561, 663 and one of Physics 375, 457, 497, 501**, 507, 509, 543, or 593 or 599

Option II: Physics 223, 227, 323, 325, 341, 343, 397, 443, 449, 455, 561 and one of Physics 375, 457, 497, 501**, 507, 509, 543, 593, 599 or 663

Option III: Physics 211 or 221, 255, 321, 325, 341, 343, 397, 443, 449, 455, 561, and one of 375, 457, 497, 501**, 507, 509, 543, 593, 599 or 663

Option IV: Physics 211 or 221, 223, 321, 323, 325, 341, 343, 443, 449, 455, 561, and one of 375, 457, 497, 501**, 507, 509, 543, 593, 599 or 663

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Statistics 327

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a).

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Options from Faculty of Arts¹

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Options

*The sequence Mathematics 249 or 265, 267, 367 plus Mathematics 311 can be used in place of Mathematics 275, 277, 375, 377 but is not recommended. Mathematics 267 plus 177 can be used in place of Mathematics 277.

**Physics 501 requires Physics 457 as a prerequisite.

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

Highly recommended course: Geology 401.

Concentration in Statistics

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Biology 241, 243, 313, Ecology 417 and 419

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Chemistry 203 and 321

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Geology 201

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Physics 211 or 221 and 223

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Mathematics 211 or 213, 249 or 265 or 275, 267 or 277, 349 and 353

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Statistics 321, 323, 327, 421 and 429

12 units (2.0 full-course equivalents) - Four of Statistics 423, 425, 505, 407 or 507, 519, 523, 525, 531

3 units (0.5 full-course equivalent) - Statistics 517

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502 and 503

9 units (1.5 full-course equivalents) - Options from Faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 5.6.1.1C (a).

6 units (1.0 full-course equivalent) - Options from the Faculty of Arts¹

15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) - Options

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

The GPA requirements for the Honours program are specified in the Faculty of Science section of this Calendar in 3.4D Program Requirements, Honours Program. The course requirements are the same as for the Major programs except students must have a minimum of 54 units (9.0 full-course equivalents) in their field and include one of Environmental Science 504 or 505 in their program, preferably in their final year of study.

Biological Sciences

¹Students wishing to take Geology 401 instead of Geography 415 are required to take Geology 201 instead of Geography 211, plus Mathematics 267 or 277, Physics 223. The courses above referenced by ¹ are affected by this choice of program.

²Field course offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

Chemistry

¹Field course offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

Geography and Arts

¹Field course offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

Geology

¹ Students wishing to take Chemistry 213 should take Chemistry 211.

² Field course offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

³ Geology 337 and 441 are field schools that runs for about 15-18 days prior to the Fall Term or after the Winter Term. Students taking a geology field school course in a term are permitted to register in an additional 15 units (2.5 full-course equivalents) in that term (for a total of 18 units or 3.0 full-course equivalents).

Physics

¹Students who achieve a grade of "A-" or better in Physics 211 or 221 may use either of these courses in place of Physics 227.

²Field course offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

Statistics

¹Field course offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.