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For more information about these courses contact the Department of Physics and Astronomy .
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Module for First Year and First Term Second Year Physics Courses
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Physics
106
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Module M6 Thermal Physics
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Thermal Physics. Gas laws; kinetic theory of gases; temperature; internal energy; specific heat; energy transfer; laws of thermodynamics; PVT diagrams.
Course Hours:
0.75 units; (12 hours)
Prerequisite(s):
Consent of the Department.
Notes:
Taught as part of Physics 223. Contact the instructor in Physics 223 regarding the schedule.
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Introductory Newtonian particle mechanics and rigid bodies in rotational equilibrium: Kinematics, Newton's laws, conservation of momentum and mechanical energy.
Course Hours:
3 units; (4-2)
Prerequisite(s):
Mathematics 30-1 or Mathematics 2 (offered by Continuing Education).
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for more than one of Physics 211, 221, or 227 will not be allowed.
Notes:
Physics 211 and 221 differ in their prerequisites, but cover the same material and have the same examinations and tutorial quizzes. Physics 211 has an extra lecture hour per week to deal with certain topics from High School Physics and Mathematics 31. Mathematics 31 is recommended.
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Introductory Newtonian particle mechanics and rigid bodies in rotational equilibrium: Kinematics, Newton's laws, conservation of momentum and mechanical energy.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-2)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 30; and Mathematics 30-1 or Mathematics 2 (offered by Continuing Education); and Mathematics 31.
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for more than one of Physics 211, 221, or 227 will not be allowed.
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Physics
223
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Introductory Electromagnetism, and Thermal Physics
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Electrical forces and energy. Static electric fields due to point charges. Parallel-plate capacitor. Simple DC circuits. Lorentz force. Static magnetic fields generated by electric currents. Electromagnetic induction. Gas Laws; kinetic theory of gases; temperature, thermal energy, specific heat; energy transfer; laws of thermodynamics; PVT diagrams.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-3)
Prerequisite(s):
3 units from Physics 211, 221 or 227.
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Physics
227
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Classical Physics
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Vector algebra; statics and kinematics of rigid bodies; Newton’s laws of motion; conservation laws; collisions; rotational mechanics; computer modelling of physical systems; approximation methods.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-2T-2)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 30; and Mathematics 30-1 or Mathematics 2 (offered by Continuing Education); and Mathematics 31; and admission to a Major or Minor in Physics or Astrophysics or a Major in Chemistry, Natural Science (Physics Concentration), or Environmental Science (Physics Concentration).
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for more than one of Physics 227, 321, or 221 will not be allowed.
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Physics
229
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Modern Physics
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Origins of quantum mechanics. Wave mechanics and applications. Nuclear physics and radioactivity. Special Theory of Relativity.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-3)
Prerequisite(s):
3 units from Physics 211, 221 or 227; and 3 units from Mathematics 249, 265 or 275.
Also known as:
(formerly Physics 325)
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Physics
259
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Electricity and Magnetism (for students in Engineering)
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Electric and magnetic fields related to charges and current through Maxwell’s equations. Energy stored in fields, potential energy, and voltage. Conductors, insulators, and dielectrics. Resistance, capacitance, and inductance with applications to RC/RL circuits.
Course Hours:
3 units; (4-2)
Prerequisite(s):
Mathematics 211 and 3 units from Mathematics 265 or 275.
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for Physics 259 and any of 255, 323 or 355 will not be allowed.
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Physics
271
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How Things Work
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Physics behind many common devices will be discussed. Topics will be chosen from among the following: the use of simple and compound machines; waves, sound, acoustics; light and optics; household electric circuitry; magnetism.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Antirequisite(s):
Physics Majors, Astrophysics Majors, Natural Sciences Physics Concentrators and Environmental Science Physics Concentrators are not permitted to register in this course.
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Physics
303
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Quantum Mysteries and Paradoxes
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Aims to explain basic quantum phenomena for students outside the physical sciences. Topics covered may include wave-particle duality, quantum interference, as well as the paradoxes of entanglement and quantum nonlocality. Applications such as quantum cryptography and quantum teleportation are discussed, as are the philosophical interpretations of the quantum picture of the world.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Antirequisite(s):
Physics Majors, Astrophysics Majors, Natural Sciences Physics Concentrators and Environmental Science Physics Concentrators are not permitted to register in this course.
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Physics
321
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Harmonic Motion, Waves, and Rotation
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Newtonian mechanics of rigid body rotation. Simple harmonic oscillations. Progressive waves in one dimension. Energy of a wave. Superposition. Standing waves. Fluids.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-2T)
Prerequisite(s):
3 units from Physics 211, 221 or 227; and Mathematics 211 or 213; and Mathematics 267 or 277.
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Physics
323
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Optics and Electromagnetism
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Static electric fields due to charge distributions. Static magnetic fields due to current distributions. Time-dependent behaviour of capacitors and inductances. Geometrical optics: Thin lenses and curved mirrors. Physical optics: Interference and diffraction.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-3/2)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 223 and 3 units from Physics 211, 221 or 227; and 3 units from Mathematics 249, 265 or 275.
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for Physics 323 and any of 255, 259 or 355 will not be allowed.
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Physics
341
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Classical Mechanics I
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Conservative and non-conservative forces; forced and damped harmonic oscillations; phase-space analysis; central force motion and scattering; non-inertial frames; applications of ordinary differential equations.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-3/2)
Prerequisite(s):
3 units from Physics 211, 221 or 227; and Mathematics 211 or 213; and Mathematics 267 or 277.
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Physics
343
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Classical Mechanics II
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Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics; general rotations of rigid bodies; moment of inertia tensor; eigenvalues and eigenvectors; perturbation theory; applications to multiple-particle systems.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 341.
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Physics
355
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Electromagnetic Theory I
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Electrostatics, DC circuits, calculation of magnetic intensity from currents, motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, transient effects in capacitors and inductors, electric and magnetic properties of materials.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-3/2)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 211 or 221 or 227; and Mathematics 375 or 376.
Also known as:
(formerly Physics 255)
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Physics
365
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Acoustics, Optics and Modern Physics (for students in Engineering)
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Wave motion as applied to acoustics and physical optics. Wave-particle duality applied to light and matter; electron energy levels of atoms and crystals.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-3/2)
Prerequisite(s):
Mathematics 277 and Physics 259 and admission to a program in Engineering.Ìý
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for Physics 365 and 369 will not be allowed. Not open to Geomatics Engineering students.
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Physics
369
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Acoustics, Optics and Radiation (for students in Engineering)
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Wave motion as applied to acoustics, geometric and physical optics, and radiant energy transfer. Traditional and modern applications.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-3/2)
Prerequisite(s):
Mathematics 277 and Physics 259 and admission to a program in Engineering.
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for Physics 369 and 365 will not be allowed. Not open to Electrical Engineering students.
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Physics
371
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Introduction to Energy
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Energy and power. Sources of energy such as wind power, solar power, nuclear power, geothermal energy and fossil fuels and related limitations. Generation and distribution of electricity.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
375
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Introduction to Optics and Waves
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Geometrical Optics: lenses, mirrors, and other basic optical components. Wave motion. Description of light as a wave. Fermat’s principle. Refraction, scattering, interference, diffraction, and polarization. Optical instruments (including telescopes and microscopes). Lasers and fibre optics if time allows.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-3/2)
Prerequisite(s):
3 units from Physics 211, 221 or 227; and Mathematics 267 or 277.
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Physics
381
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Computational Physics I
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Python environments and tools, numerical representation, polynomials and Taylor’s theorem, iterated functions and fractals, root finding, numerical integration, ordinary differential equations.
Course Hours:
3 units; (1-3)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 341; and 3 units from Computer Science 217, 231 or Data Science 211.
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Physics
397
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Applied Physics Laboratory I
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Basic laboratory electronics, vacuum systems, and optical devices. Introduction to experimental control, data collection, and analysis. Fundamentals of error analysis and error propagation.
Course Hours:
3 units; (2-1T-3)
Prerequisite(s):
3 units from Physics 211, 221 or 227; and Physics 229 or 325.
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Physics
435
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Mathematical Methods in Physics
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Partial differential equations. Fourier analysis. Laplace Transforms. Special functions and orthogonal polynomials. Complex analysis. Applications in Physics and Astronomy
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 343; and Mathematics 375 or 376; and Mathematics 367 or 377.
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for Physics 435 and Mathematics 433 will not be allowed.
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Physics
449
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Statistical Mechanics I
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State-counting; classical distributions and probability theory; origins and role of entropy; equilibrium; ensemble theory; concepts of work, heat, and temperature; equations of state; heat capacity; equipartition theorem; engines; laws of thermodynamics; non-equilibrium systems; Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution; thermodynamic potentials.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-1T-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 343; and 229 or 325; and Mathematics 375 or 376; and Mathematics 367 or 377.
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Physics
451
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Statistical Mechanics II
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Quantum statistical mechanics; bosons and fermions; quantum counting; classical-quantum transition; blackbody radiation; applications of statistical mechanics to phase transitions, critical phenomena and complex systems, Ising model, mean-field theory.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 449.
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Physics
457
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Electromagnetic Theory III
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Electromagnetic wave solutions to Maxwell's equations, in vacuum and in insulating and conducting media. Waveguides. Electromagnetic radiation from accelerated charges. Relativistic formulation of electrodynamics.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 455; and one of Physics 435 or Mathematics 433.
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for Physics 457 and Electrical Engineering 476 will not be allowed.
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Physics
481
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Computational Physics II
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Random walks, cellular automata, pseudo-random number generation, Monte Carlo methods, numerical solution of ordinary and partial differential equations, introduction to Fourier transforms.
Course Hours:
3 units; (1-3)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 381; and Mathematics 375 or 376; and Mathematics 367 or 377.
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Physics
497
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Applied Physics Laboratory II
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Intermediate laboratory electronics. AC circuit theory and semiconductor devices, including operational amplifiers. Digital sampling theory and frequency-domain signal processing. Computer automation of experimental control, data collection, and analysis, including error analysis and error propagation.
Course Hours:
3 units; (2-6)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 397; and Mathematics 433 or Physics 435.
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Lorentz transformations in classical mechanics; relativistic kinematics; spacetime diagrams; relativistic energy and momentum conservation; Geometrical interpretation; applications of relativistic kinematics; four-vector formalism and tensors; introduction to general relativity; applications.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 455; and Mathematics 375 or 376; and Mathematics 367 or 377.
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Physics
507
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Solid State Physics
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Crystal structure. Classification of solids and their bonding. Fermi surface. Elastic, electric and magnetic properties of solids.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 443 or Chemistry 373; and Physics 449 and 455.
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Physics
509
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Plasma Physics
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Occurrence of plasmas in nature, single particle motion, plasmas as fluids, waves in plasmas, diffusion, resistivity, equilibrium and stability, kinetic theory of plasmas, non-linear effects.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 343 and 455.
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Physics
521
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Non-linear Dynamics and Chaos
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Introduction to non-linear dynamical systems: Phase space representation, bifurcations, normal forms, non-linear oscillators, deterministic chaos, attractors, fractals, universality, renormalization, and synchronization.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 381 and 449; and Physics 435 or Mathematics 433.
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Physics
543
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Quantum Mechanics II
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Intermediate quantum mechanics. Theory of angular momentum, symmetries, perturbation theory. Identical particles. Applications to atomic physics, spectroscopy. Entanglement.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 443 or Chemistry 373.
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Physics
561
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Stable and Radioactive Isotope Studies, Fundamentals
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A multidisciplinary course. Topics include nucleosynthesis, radioactive decay, isotope exchange phenomena, kinetic isotope effects, tracer techniques, molecular spectra and instrumentation.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-1)
Prerequisite(s):
Consent of the Department.
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Physics
577
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Implementations of Quantum Information
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Proposals and realizations of quantum information tasks including quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography in optical, atomic, molecular, and solid state systems.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 455 and 543; and Mathematics 375 or 376; and Mathematics 367 or 377.
Antirequisite(s):
Credit for Physics 577 and 677 will not be allowed.
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Physics
581
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Computational Physics III
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Linear inversion, spectral methods, calling external libraries, data formats, parallelization, numeric and symbolic programming languages.
Course Hours:
3 units; (1-3)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 481; and Mathematics 433 or Physics 435.
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Physics
593
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Topics in Contemporary Physics
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Topics will be from the research areas of staff members.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0) or (0-6)
Prerequisite(s):
Consent of the Department.
MAY BE REPEATED FOR CREDIT
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Physics
597
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Senior Physics Laboratory
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Selected advanced experiments. Where possible, students may choose those experiments most suited to their interests. Development of technical and computer-based skills, technical writing and presentation skills.
Course Hours:
3 units; (1-6)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 497.
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Physics
598
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Honours Research Thesis
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Each student will be assigned a project in consultation with a supervisor. Written reports and oral presentations are required.
Course Hours:
6 units; (0-9)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 443 and 449 and 455 and consent of the Department.
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Physics
599
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Senior Research Thesis
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Each student will be assigned a project in consultation with a supervisor. Written reports and oral presentations are required.
Course Hours:
3 units; (0-9)
Prerequisite(s):
Consent of the Department.
Notes:
A maximum of 6 units may be taken.
MAY BE REPEATED FOR CREDIT
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Graduate Courses
Only where appropriate to a student's program may graduate credit be received for courses numbered 500-599.
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Physics
603
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Experimental Methods of Physics
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Instrumentation for physical experiments. General philosophy of experimentation; signal processes; signal processing methods; instrument design and control; data acquisition and storage; specific detection methods.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
605
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Advanced Data Analysis
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Methods of extraction of significant information from experimental data degraded by noise. Parametric and non-parametric statistical methods; curve fitting; spectral analysis; filtering, sampling, convolution and deconvolution techniques.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
609
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Advanced Classical Mechanics
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Variational principles, Lagrange's equations, Noether's theorem. Hamilton's equations and canonical transformations. Hamilton-Jacobi theory, action-angle variables. Perturbation theory.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
611
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Statistical Physics
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Classical and quantum ensemble theory applied to interacting systems: real gases, spin lattices, phase transitions. Kinetic theory: Boltzmann equation, transport processes, irreversible processes and fluctuations.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
613
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Electrodynamics
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Interaction between charged particles and the electromagnetic field in relativistic formulation. Scattering and energy losses of charged particles. Radiation by charged particles.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
615
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Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
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Mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics. Topics may include addition of angular momenta, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, Wigner-Eckart theorem; charged particles in electric and magnetic fields; quantum operators; approximation methods; scattering; quantum nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, Bell's theorem.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
617
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Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
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Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations; Dirac spinor and the adjoint spinor; charge (C), parity (P) and (T) transformations and CPT symmetry; relativistic corrections to atomic spectra.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
619
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Statistical Physics II
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Topics Theories of equilibrium and non-equilibrium critical phenomena and methods to study fluctuating systems selected from the following list of topics: Percolation, scaling theory, phase transitions, Landau-Ginzburg theory, lattice models, Monte Carlo methods, renormalization group, self-organized criticality, theory of random graphs; Brownian motion, random walks and diffusion, Fokker-Planck-Equation, Markov processes, stochastic differential equations, first passage times.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Physics 611.Ìý
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Physics
621
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Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
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Topics: Introduction to pattern formation and self-organization in nature: Reaction-diffusion systems, hydrodynamical systems, bistable media, excitable and oscillatory media, stability analysis, bifurcations, pattern selection, amplitude equations and normal forms, fronts, traveling waves, topological defects, spiral waves, spatiotemporal chaos, defect-mediated turbulence, spatiotemporal point processes.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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An introduction to Einstein's theory of gravitation. Applications to the solar system, black holes, and cosmology.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
663
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Applications of Stable Isotopes
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Application of stable isotope techniques with special focus on Hydrogeology, Geology and Environmental Sciences. The use of isotopes to understand the water, carbon, nitrogen and sulphur cycles is demonstrated. Topics include hydrology, paleoclimates, geothermometry, fossil fuels exploration and recovery, pollutant tracing, food webs, forensic investigations, among others.
Course Hours:
3 units; (2-1)
Prerequisite(s):
Consent of the Department.
Also known as:
(Geology 663)
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Physics
671
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Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy
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Atomic structure and spectra. Rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, including microwave, infrared, Raman and visible/ultraviolet spectroscopic techniques. Hund's coupling cases. Polyatomic molecular spectroscopy. Examples from astronomy and upper atmosphere/space physics.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
673
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Quantum and Non-linear Optics
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Theory of dispersion. Fast and slow light. Basics of nonlinear optics. Nonlinear optical crystals, phase matching. Coherence theory. Preparation, manipulation and measurement of quantum optical states and single-photon qubits. Elements of atomic physics, optical Bloch equation, rotating-wave approximation. Two-and three-level systems. Cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
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Physics
675
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Special Topics in Laser and Optical Sciences
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Lectures by Physics and Astronomy, Chemistry, Engineering, and/or Medicine staff on current research topics in laser science and modern optical techniques.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
MAY BE REPEATED FOR CREDIT
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Physics
677
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Implementations of Quantum Information
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Proposals and realizations of quantum information tasks including quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography in optical, atomic, molecular, and solid state systems.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0)
Prerequisite(s):
Consent of the Department.
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Physics
691
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Scientific Communication Skills
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Required, multi-component, program of courses for all graduate students in the Department of Physics and Astronomy designed to assist students in improving their scientific oral and written communication skills. Each student must complete a minimum of three terms of Physics 691 during each graduate course, although the normal load is four terms, and additional terms may be required of students on an as-need basis. The components of Physics 691 are:
691.11. Effective Scientific Speaking for MSc Students
691.12. Graduate Seminar for MSc Students I
691.13. Effective Scientific Writing for MSc Students
691.14. Graduate Seminar for MSc Students II
691.16. Graduate Seminar for MSc Students III
691.18. Graduate Seminar for MSc Students IV
691.21. Effective Scientific Speaking for PhD Students
691.22. Graduate Seminar for PhD Students I
691.23. Effective Scientific Writing for PhD Students
691.24. Graduate Seminar for PhD Students II
691.26. Graduate Seminar for PhD Students III
691.28. Graduate Seminar for PhD Students IV
Effective Scientific Speaking courses provide instruction on preparing and presenting quality scientific oral presentations, including discussions of the aspects of quality presentations and exercises aimed at improving student speaking skills, and will be taken by graduate students in their first Fall Terms in program. Effective Scientific Writing courses provide students with instruction on preparing quality scientific papers, as well as exercises aimed at improving students' writing skills, and will be taken during students' second Fall Term in program. The Graduate Seminar courses will be run each winter, and provide all students enrolled in each course the opportunity to present one or two scientific talks, as well as to provide peer feedback to other students in the course. At the end of each Graduate Seminar term, the course instructor(s) will identify those students who have reached an acceptable level of scientific speaking competency and exempt these students from any further Physics 691 Graduate Seminar courses for their current degrees.
Course Hours:
1.5 units; (2S-0)
MAY BE REPEATED FOR CREDIT
NOT INCLUDED IN GPA
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Physics
697
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Topics in Contemporary Physics
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Topics will be from the research areas of staff members.
Course Hours:
3 units; (3-0) or (0-6)
MAY BE REPEATED FOR CREDIT
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Physics
699
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Project in Physics
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Each student will select a project in consultation with a staff member. The project may be experimental or theoretical in nature. A written report and an oral presentation are required.
Course Hours:
3 units; (0-9)
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Physics
701
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Independent Study
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Each student will select a topic of study in consultation with a staff member. The topic will be in the research area of the staff member. This course may not be used to meet the regular course requirements in the MSc and PhD programs.
Course Hours:
3 units; (0-9)
MAY BE REPEATED FOR CREDIT
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COURSES OF INSTRUCTION